|
Moroccan Jews ((アラビア語:اليهود المغاربة), (ヘブライ語:יהדות מרוקו)) are the Jews who live or lived in the area of North Africa known as Morocco. The first Jews migrated to this area after the destruction of the First Temple in Jerusalem and settled among the Berbers. They were later met by a second wave of migration from the Iberian peninsula in the period immediately preceding and following the 1492 Alhambra Decree, when the Jews were expelled from kingdoms of Spain, and soon afterwards, from Portugal as well. This second immigration wave deeply modified Moroccan jewry, who largely embraced the Andalusian Sephardic liturgy, making the Moroccan Jews switch to a mostly Sephardic identity. At its peak in the 1940s, Morocco's Jewish population exceeded 250,000, but following Operation Yachin this number has been reduced to approximately 2,000-2,500. The vast majority of Moroccan Jews now live in Israel, where they constitute the second-largest Jewish community (approximatively 1 million). Other communities are found in France, Canada, Spain, the United States and Venezuela. ==History== (詳細はsharia'', Christian Canon law and Jewish ''halakha'' law abiding) were allowed to rule themselves under their own system. After Israel's independence in 1948, and due to domestic strife in the 1950s, the next several decades saw waves of Jewish emigration to Israel, France and Canada. Moroccan Jews emigrated for a variety of reasons. Some have emigrated to Israel for religious reasons, some feared persecution, and others left for better economic prospects than they faced in post-colonial Morocco. With every Arab-Israeli war, tensions between Arabs and Jews would rise, sparking more Jewish emigration. By the time of the Yom Kippur War in 1973, the majority of Morocco's Jewish population had emigrated.〔http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4350488,00.html〕 A small community of around 2,000-2,500 Jews live in Morocco today. However, in a rapidly increasing trend, young men from the community are emigrating to Israel and France.〔http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4354823,00.html〕 As a protectorate of France, parts of Morocco were heavily influenced by French culture, while the same is true of the portions of the country that belonged to Spain. Traditionally, the Jews were classified as being French-Moroccan or Spanish-Moroccan depending on where in Morocco they lived, and remnants of these classifications can be felt today. These differences are reflected in language, foods, last names and even liturgy. Early photographs of Moroccan Jewish families, taken in the early 20th century by German explorer and photographer, Hermann Burchardt, are now held at the Ethnological Museum of Berlin.〔(Jewish couple in Morocco on the roof of their house ); (Jewish family during the Feast of Tabernacles on the roof of their house ); (Moroccan Jews in 1905 ), by Hermann Burchardt; (Jewish family, 1905 ); (The Saba Synagogue, 1905 ); (Jewish family in their home ); (The Ibn (Aben) Danan Synagogue ), in the Mellah of Fès (click to enlarge); (Jewish family in Morocco ), early 20th century (click on photo to enlarge); (Family portrait ), Morocco.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Moroccan Jews」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|